Introduction
Male infertility is a major global health concern, accounting for approximately half of infertility cases among couples. Despite its prevalence, social stigma and lack of awareness often prevent men from seeking proper medical evaluation. Andrology provides a structured scientific framework for understanding and treating male infertility.
Causes of Male Infertility
Male infertility may arise from pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular factors. Common causes include hormonal imbalances, genetic abnormalities, varicocele, infections, trauma, environmental toxins, and lifestyle-related factors such as smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and chronic stress.
Sperm abnormalities involving concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA integrity are key contributors to reduced fertility potential.
Diagnostic Evaluation
A comprehensive andrological assessment includes medical history, physical examination, semen analysis, erotic analysis, hormonal profiling, scrotal ultrasonography, and genetic testing when indicated. Advances in diagnostic technology allow clinicians to identify subtle abnormalities affecting sperm function.
Treatment Approaches
Management strategies are tailored to the underlying cause and may include medical therapy, surgical intervention, lifestyle modification, or assisted reproductive technologies. The goal of andrology is to restore natural fertility whenever possible.
Conclusion
Male infertility is a multifactorial condition requiring specialized care. Andrology offers evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic solutions that significantly improve reproductive outcomes and emotional well-being.